Here are the types of palm kernel oil derived from palm kernel: some are raw and unprocessed, while others are refined, fractionated, or hydrogenated for specific uses. Here’s how they compare.
Palm kernel oil is an umbrella name for all oils derived from the kernel of the palm fruit. Each type varies based on processing methods and intended use.
Crude palm kernel oil is extracted directly and used in its raw state, while refined palm kernel oil undergoes purification for food, cosmetics, and industrial applications.
Fractionated palm kernel oil is separated into liquid and solid parts for specialized products, and hydrogenated palm kernel oil is modified for a firmer texture in baking and confectionery.
Understanding these types helps in choosing the right oil for different needs. This guide breaks down their differences and applications.
Table of Contents
Types of Palm Kernel Oil
1. Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO)
Crude palm kernel oil also called (CPKO) is the foremost type of palm kernel oil. It is the raw form extracted from the kernel of the palm fruit through mechanical pressing or solvent extraction.
It has a yellowish-brown color, a distinct nutty aroma, and a high concentration of lauric acid, which gives it strong antimicrobial properties.
Unlike refined versions, crude palm kernel oil retains its natural nutrients, making it valuable for animal feed, soap production, and industrial applications.
However, due to its strong odor and impurities, it is rarely used in food without further processing. It is also used in biodiesel production and as a raw material for oleochemicals.
While less common in household kitchens, it plays a significant role in commercial industries requiring raw, unprocessed fats.
See a dedicated article for crude palm kernel oil.
2. Refined Palm Kernel Oil (RPKO)
The second type of palm kernel oil is refined PKO. Refined palm kernel oil is purified through processes like degumming, bleaching, and deodorization to remove impurities, odors, and unwanted flavors.
This refining improves its color, making it clear or light yellow, and gives it a neutral taste. Due to its high stability and long shelf life, it is widely used in food production, including frying oils, margarine, and non-dairy creamers.
The cosmetic industry also favors it for its lightweight texture and moisturizing properties in lotions, soaps, and hair care products. Industrially, it is a key ingredient in detergents and lubricants.
The refining process makes it more suitable for human consumption, ensuring it meets food safety standards while maintaining its functional benefits in various industries.
See a comprehensive article on refined palm kernel oil.
3. Fractionated Palm Kernel Oil (FPKO)
Fractionated palm kernel oil is the third type of palm kernel oil processed to separate its solid and liquid components based on melting points. This process creates a more versatile oil with specialized uses.
The liquid portion, palm kernel olein, remains fluid at room temperature, making it ideal for cooking oils, salad dressings, and dairy alternatives.
The solid fraction, palm kernel stearin, is used in chocolate coatings, bakery products, and shortening.
Fractionation allows manufacturers to tailor the oil’s properties for specific applications, improving texture, consistency, and stability.
Since it has a higher melting point than regular palm kernel oil, it is preferred in tropical climates where oil stability is crucial. It is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics requiring structured fats.
Here is a comprehensive article for fractionated PKO.
4. Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil (HPKO)
Hydrogenated palm kernel oil is the fourth type of palm kernel oil derived by chemically modifying crude palm kernel oil by adding hydrogen to increase its solidity and shelf life.
This process changes its texture, making it firmer and more resistant to melting at high temperatures.
It is commonly found in confectionery, such as chocolate coatings, pastries, and cream fillings, as it helps maintain structure and prevents melting.
While it enhances the stability of processed foods, hydrogenation can produce trans fats, which are linked to health concerns.
However, fully hydrogenated versions do not contain trans fats and are used in trans-fat-free alternatives. Its firm texture also makes it valuable in cosmetic formulations like lip balms and body butters, where a thicker consistency is needed for better product performance.
See our comprehensive post on hydrogenated palm kernel oil.
5. Organic Palm Kernel Oil (OPKO)
The last type of palm kernel oil is the organic palm kernel oil is produced from palm fruits grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers.
It is extracted using natural methods like cold pressing or expeller pressing to maintain purity and retain beneficial nutrients.
Unlike conventional palm kernel oil, organic versions must meet strict certification standards, ensuring they are free from harmful residues and sustainably sourced.
This oil is popular in health-conscious markets, especially in organic food products, plant-based cosmetics, and eco-friendly cleaning solutions.
Its high lauric acid content makes it a strong antimicrobial agent, beneficial for skincare and haircare.
Organic certification also ensures ethical sourcing, reducing environmental impact and promoting fair trade practices, making it a preferred choice for consumers looking for clean, responsibly produced oils.il based on the desired use, quality, and sustainability considerations. Read more on organic palm kernel oil.
Related: Palm Kernel Oil Extraction Methods
Conclusion
Knowing the types of palm kernel oil helps in choosing the right one for food, cosmetics, or industrial needs.
Each type differs in processing and application. Crude palm kernel oil is raw and unrefined, mainly used in non-food industries. Refined palm kernel oil is purified for cooking and skincare.
Fractionated palm kernel oil separates into liquid and solid parts for specialized uses. Hydrogenated palm kernel oil provides a firmer texture for processed foods.
Organic palm kernel oil is produced without chemicals, appealing to eco-conscious consumers.
Understanding these types ensures better choices for quality, function, and sustainability in various industries.
